KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING AMONG NURSING MOTHERS IN KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF NASARAWA STATE
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- NGN 3000
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Adequate nutrition is crucial for children's optimum growth, health, and development during infancy and early childhood. Breast milk is the best source of nourishment for a newborn, and breastfeeding has been proven to be beneficial to both the mother and the child on a global scale. Breast milk is necessary for a newborn's health and well-being. Breast-fed babies develop quicker, have fewer illnesses, and die at a younger age than non-breast-fed babies (John, 2005).
The National Newborn Young Child Feeding (NIYCF) operational strategy relies on previous and ongoing successes in promoting appropriate infant and young child nutrition. These include exclusive breast feeding for six months and continuous nursing for two years with appropriate timely supplemental feeding, implementation and monitoring of the International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes, and working women's rights to maternity protection. The government has launched initiatives targeted at improving the wellbeing of newborns and young children throughout the last decade (Kaushal, M. et al., 2015).
Breastfeeding is a natural method of baby feeding that may be done in two ways: exclusively or partially, with the latter being the more common. Nonetheless, the most definite and suitable design with the largest domino effect is exclusivity. However, a healthy mental, emotional, and physical partnership between the mother and her infant is essential for the intended outcome (Narzary, 2009).
Breastfeeding stimulates uterine involution and, as a result, the mother's uterine tone recovers quickly. It strengthens the bond between mother and child. It is both economical and convenient, which is critical in the Third World. Finally, breastfeeding prolongs the period between births by delaying the recovery of normal ovarian function due to the prolactin-raising impact of nipple stimulation (Otoide, Oronsaye,& Okonofua, 2014).
This latter effect also helps the newborn by lowering the likelihood of the kid being displaced from the breast by a subsequent pregnancy. In many impoverished countries, weaning meals are woefully inadequate, and children who are weaned too soon are at danger of developing protein-calorie shortages like kwashiorkor and marasmus, which result in general debilitation, slowed growth, wasting, and, in some cases, death. In locations where medical services are poor or non-existent, children who are breastfed have a higher chance of survival than those who are not (Otoide, et al 2014).
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Pregnancy is a delicate time of biological, physical, and social changes that influence both the mother and the baby. The method a woman feeds her kid after delivery is one of the most crucial factors impacting these transformations.
Breastfeeding is the gold standard for infant nutrition (American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP], 2017), and major health organizations recommend that a mother-infant dyad continue exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until the infant is six months old to reap the most benefits for both the infant and the mother (AAP, 2017; World Health Organization [WHO], 2018). EBF has been shown to reduce the incidence of otitis media and nonspecific gastroenteritis in newborns, as well as the risk of breast and ovarian cancer in mothers (Ip et al., 2007).
Breastfeeding is the most natural way for humans (mammals) to feed their newborns, and it is their primary source of sustenance during the first few months of their lives (World Health Organisation 2018b). Furthermore, research has indicated that exclusive breastfeeding for six (6) months is the most effective method of infant nutrition, and that it should be continued even if the kid consumes supplementary meals beyond that.
Recently, there has been a concerted effort to encourage "Exclusive Breastfeeding," which has resulted in a huge rise in breastfeeding expertise. Hospitals and health centers have the ability to educate pregnant and nursing mothers about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and how to make it a reality. Breastfeeding is on the decline across the world. Lack of confidence that the child is getting enough, increased urban women work load demands that cause them to be separated from their babies for longer periods of time, decline in social support, discomfort with breastfeeding in public, and intense promotion of commercial milk formulae are all factors that contribute to the decline of breastfeeding. New activities are being launched throughout the world to promote EBF. The International Code of Marketing Breast Milk Substitutes [ICBMBS] and the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative [BFHI] are two examples. Mothers can learn more about EBF during a prenatal clinic or after their baby is born in the hospital (WHO, 2018). Breastfeeding public education may also be disseminated through mass media such as radio and television.
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